ASD 101

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition rooted in differences in brain connectivity, sensory processing, and communication. It is not a disease to be cured, but a variation in human neurobiology.

The exact causes of autism remain multifaceted and not fully understood. Research points to genetic predispositions interacting with environmental exposures (such as prenatal stress, inflammation, or toxins). Importantly, no credible evidence supports links to vaccines or parenting styles.

The clinical framework of autism includes three support levels:

These are by no means inclusive, and just a brief snapshot for base level understanding.

Level 1: Requires support – individuals may struggle with social interactions and adapting to change.

Level 2: Requires substantial support – noticeable impairments in communication and flexibility.

Level 3: Requires very substantial support – severe limitations in verbal and nonverbal functioning.

However, these "levels" are context sensitive and do not predict intellectual ability or emotional insight. Many individuals with Level 1 autism, particularly women, Black and POC, and LGBTQIA+ people go undiagnosed due to masking behaviors, internalized stigma, and biased assessment tools.

People with Level 1 autism often experience chronic sensory overload, burnout, and social confusion. They may have intense interests, need predictable routines, or become overwhelmed by seemingly minor changes. These traits are frequently pathologized in clinical settings without understanding their adaptive purpose.

Socioculturally, our systems are built around neurotypical norms, leading to high rates of anxiety, depression, and identity struggle among autistic individuals. Educational and workplace settings often lack the accommodations or understanding necessary to support neurodiverse minds. Access to affirming diagnosis and care is also shaped by class, race, and regional availability.

Understanding autism as a spectrum of strengths and challenges, not a deficit, invites society to be more flexible, inclusive, and humane.